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將ASM備份還原為非ASM并從RAC還原為單個(gè)實(shí)例

發(fā)布于：2021-01-26 11:21:24

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ASM RAC ASM備份 RAC還原

場(chǎng)景：

1） 我們希望在測(cè)試非RAC環(huán)境中恢復(fù)在兩節(jié)點(diǎn)RAC環(huán)境上運(yùn)行的生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

2） 我們要還原駐留在非ASM文件系統(tǒng)中的ASM磁盤組上的備份。

注意：

生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)orcl有兩個(gè)名為orcl1和orcl2的實(shí)例。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)將在測(cè)試環(huán)境中還原為名為orcl的單實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件和FRA位于ASM磁盤+數(shù)據(jù)上，目標(biāo)服務(wù)器上要還原文件的文件系統(tǒng)位置為/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl。FRA將是文件系統(tǒng)位置/u01/app/oracle/ flash_recovery_area。

在這種情況下，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件將是OMF。通過(guò)使用一個(gè)不同的SET NEWNAME命令，如果我們不想將文件還原為OMF，我們可以。為了更易于管理，我不希望使用OMF，但在這個(gè)示例中顯示了OMF。

這些是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、控制文件和archivelog備份的備份部分，它們位于ASM磁盤組+數(shù)據(jù)中的源服務(wù)器上。

 +DATA/orcl/backupset/2013_02_18/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631
 +DATA/orcl/backupset/2013_02_18/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893
 +DATA/orcl/backupset/2013_02_18/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967

在源服務(wù)器上，我們?cè)诒镜匚募到y(tǒng)上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)目錄，在那里我們將從ASM磁盤組中復(fù)制這些文件。我們還可以NFS掛載一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程文件系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)有足夠的磁盤空間，以防備份塊太大而本地文件系統(tǒng)上沒(méi)有足夠的空間。

由于它是11gR2網(wǎng)格基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，我們作為擁有GI軟件的網(wǎng)格用戶連接，并使用asmcmd cp命令將文件從ASM復(fù)制到文件系統(tǒng)。

[oracle@kens-racnode1 backup]$ su - grid
Password:
[grid@kens-racnode1 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [grid] ? +ASM1
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/grid

grid@kens-racnode1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> cd DATA
ASMCMD> cd ORCL
ASMCMD> cd BACKUPSET
ASMCMD> ls
2013_02_18/
ASMCMD> cd *
ASMCMD> cp nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631 /u02/app/backup
copying +DATA/ORCL/BACKUPSET/2013_02_18/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631 -> /u02/app/backup/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631
ASMCMD> cp ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893  /u02/app/backup
copying +DATA/ORCL/BACKUPSET/2013_02_18/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893 -> /u02/app/backup/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893
ASMCMD> cp annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967 /u02/app/backup
copying +DATA/ORCL/BACKUPSET/2013_02_18/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967 -> /u02/app/backup/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967

現(xiàn)在將這些文件從源服務(wù)器上的文件系統(tǒng)scp到目標(biāo)服務(wù)器上的文件系統(tǒng)。

復(fù)制密碼文件并初始o(jì)ra從源服務(wù)器到目標(biāo)服務(wù)器的一個(gè)RAC實(shí)例，并進(jìn)行所需的更改，因?yàn)槲覀儗涯繕?biāo)服務(wù)器上的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)作為非RAC單實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)打開。

例如，這就是初始o(jì)ra對(duì)于單實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)orcl。

orcl.__db_cache_size=603979776
orcl.__java_pool_size=50331648
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=603979776
orcl.__sga_target=1157627904
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=469762048
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='DB'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1=’ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/'
*.db_domain='mydb.domain'
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=1761607680
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
orcl.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

在目標(biāo)服務(wù)器上，設(shè)置環(huán)境并以NOMOUNT模式啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 1753731072 bytes
Fixed Size                  2229144 bytes
Variable Size            1140853864 bytes
Database Buffers          603979776 bytes
Redo Buffers                6668288 bytes

還原控制文件。

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/backup/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893';
 
Starting restore at 19-FEB-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 19-FEB-13

裝載數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并對(duì)RMAN備份條目進(jìn)行編目。

RMAN> alter database mount;
 
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
 
 
 
RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/backup/';
 
searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/oracle/backup/
 
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967
 
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
 
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/ncnnf0_tag20130218t093811_0.337.807701893
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967

這是我們將使用的RMAN腳本：

run {
SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE   TO  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/%b';
SET NEWNAME FOR tempfile  1 TO  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/%b';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
}

執(zhí)行相同的。

RMAN> run {
SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE   TO  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/%b';
SET NEWNAME FOR tempfile  1 TO  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/%b';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
}
2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7>
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
executing command: SET NEWNAME
 
Starting restore at 21-FEB-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system.260.787036171
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux.261.787036171
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs1.273.787036171
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users.266.787036173
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example.262.787036303
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2.268.787036459
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ggs_data.327.798611507
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/nnndf0_tag20130218t093350_0.345.807701631 tag=TAG20130218T093350
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 21-FEB-13
 
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system.260.787036171
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux.261.787036171
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs1.273.787036171
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users.266.787036173
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example.262.787036303
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2.268.787036459
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=15 STAMP=807958250 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ggs_data.327.798611507
 
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp.263.787036293 in control file

我們現(xiàn)在需要恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

這是我們將使用的腳本。

注意我們是如何得到序列號(hào)145的

run {
set until sequence 145 thread 1;
recover database;
}

我們需要確定將在SET UNTIL命令中使用的歸檔日志序列號(hào)。RMAN將執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)恢復(fù)，直到我們需要確定的日志序列號(hào)。

運(yùn)行ARCHIVELOG的RMAN命令列表備份。

請(qǐng)注意每個(gè)線程的上一次或最新存檔日志備份（因?yàn)榇藗浞菔菑腞AC數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲取的）。

然后在兩個(gè)存檔日志序列號(hào)中，確定下一個(gè)u SCN號(hào)較低的序列號(hào)。

這就是我們需要記錄的歸檔日志序列。

記住，我們需要在這個(gè)數(shù)字上加1，然后在RMAN RECOVER命令的SET UNTIL SEQUENCE子句中使用這個(gè)數(shù)字。

例如，我們看到對(duì)于線程1，最近可用的歸檔日志備份屬于日志序列號(hào)144，而對(duì)于線程2，最近可用的歸檔日志備份屬于日志序列號(hào)139。

比較這兩個(gè)序列號(hào)的下一個(gè)u SCN值，我們可以看到對(duì)于序列144，下一個(gè)u SCN值更低（736746比736760）。

Thrd Seq     Low SCN     Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

  1    144   736706 28-MAR-12 736746 28-MAR-12

....
.....

  2    139   736740 28-MAR-12 736760 28-MAR-12
RMAN> run {
set until sequence 145 thread 1;
recover database;
}
2> 3> 4>
executing command: SET until clause
 
Starting recover at 21-FEB-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
starting media recovery
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=144
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=139
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130218t093927_0.325.807701967 tag=TAG20130218T093927
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_1_144_8lbwbp3o_.arc thread=1 sequence=144
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_139_8lbwbp4o_.arc thread=2 sequence=139
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_1_144_8lbwbp3o_.arc RECID=270 STAMP=807958744
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_139_8lbwbp4o_.arc RECID=269 STAMP=807958742
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=140
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=141
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=142
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=143
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130219t103153_0.295.807791515
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/annnf0_tag20130219t103153_0.295.807791515 tag=TAG20130219T103153
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_140_8lbwbt41_.arc RECID=273 STAMP=807958750
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_141_8lbwbt1b_.arc RECID=274 STAMP=807958750
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_142_8lbwbt66_.arc RECID=272 STAMP=807958747
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_21/o1_mf_2_143_8lbwbvnc_.arc RECID=271 STAMP=807958747
Finished recover at 21-FEB-13

使用RESETLOGS選項(xiàng)打開數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

RMAN> sql 'alter database open resetlogs';
 
sql statement: alter database open resetlogs

注意聯(lián)機(jī)重做日志文件的位置。我們可以刪除并重新創(chuàng)建聯(lián)機(jī)重做日志文件組，如果我們想從當(dāng)前的OMF格式重命名它們的話。

SQL> select member from v$logfile;
 
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_8lbwd9kq_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_8lbwdb5n_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_8lbwd8v5_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_4_8lbwdbqr_.log